Laser engraving machines primarily differ by their laser source, which dictates the materials they can process, their power, and precision.

CO2 Laser Engravers are common and versatile, using an infrared wavelength (10.6 µm). They excel at engraving and cutting organic materials like wood, acrylic, leather, paper, fabric, glass, stone, and rubber. They can also mark some coated metals. They are typically higher power, suitable for larger work areas.

Fiber Laser Engravers utilize a shorter, near-infrared wavelength (around 1.06 µm). They are specifically designed for marking, deep engraving, and annealing metals (stainless steel, aluminum, brass, gold, silver) and certain hard plastics. Fiber lasers offer high precision and speed for intricate metal work, but are ineffective on organic materials or clear acrylic.

UV Laser Engravers, often termed “cold lasers,” use much shorter wavelengths (e.g., 355 nm). Their minimal heat affected zone makes them ideal for delicate, heat-sensitive materials such as glass, ceramics, specific plastics, silicon, and some difficult-to-mark metals. They provide extremely fine, precise markings without material degradation, though typically lower power.

Ultimately, the selection hinges on the target material: CO2 for organics, Fiber for metals, and UV for heat-sensitive or highly precise applications.