Different types of lasers, notably CO2 and fiber lasers, significantly impact cutting capabilities and techniques in laser cutting processes due to their distinct properties and operating mechanisms:

1. CO2 Lasers:

   • Wavelength: CO2 lasers operate at a longer wavelength (around 10.6 micrometers), ideal for cutting non-metallic materials like wood, acrylic, paper, and plastics. They are exceptionally effective at these materials due to their high absorption of this wavelength.
   • Cutting Capabilities: CO2 lasers provide high-quality cuts on non-metallic materials with smooth edges. They’re adept at intricate and detailed cuts, making them popular in various industries such as signage, woodworking, and textiles.
   • Techniques: CO2 lasers offer versatile cutting capabilities and can handle a wide range of material thicknesses with precision. Their technique involves vaporizing or melting materials using the heat generated by the laser.

2. Fiber Lasers:

   • Wavelength: Fiber lasers operate at shorter wavelengths (around 1 micrometer), making them highly effective for cutting metallic materials like stainless steel, aluminum, and brass. Metals have high absorption rates at these wavelengths.
   • Cutting Capabilities: Fiber lasers excel in cutting metals with excellent precision and speed. They produce fine, accurate cuts in thin to medium thickness metals, making them widely used in industries like automotive, aerospace, and metalworking.
   • Techniques: Fiber lasers utilize a high-energy density beam to melt or vaporize metallic materials efficiently. They’re suitable for high-speed cutting and intricate designs on metals.

The distinct wavelengths and specific material absorption characteristics of CO2 and fiber lasers define their cutting capabilities and techniques. While CO2 lasers excel in non-metallic materials, providing precise and detailed cuts, fiber lasers dominate the field of metal cutting, offering superior speed and accuracy on various metallic surfaces. The choice between these lasers depends on the materials being processed and the desired cutting outcomes in terms of material type, thickness, and precision requirements.